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              <p>La modélisation des systèmes biologiques est indissociable de la compréhension des mécanismes de propagation des pathogènes et de la défense de l'hôte en biologie moléculaire. La modélisation par des outils algébriques s'est appuyée jusque là sur les bases de Gröbner. Nous proposons une méthode utilisant les séparateurs algébriques qui ne sont rien d'autre que des polynômes particuliers relevant de la théorie de Galois effective. Les séparateurs algébriques sont déterminés grâce aux modules fondamentaux (générateurs de l'idéal des relations) soit directement par un produit particulier de ces modules (à l'aide des fonctions symétriques élémentaires en ces modules), soit par combinaisons linéaires des modules fondamentaux. Ces deux approches permettent d'éviter les lourds calculs des bases de Gröbner. The modeling of biological systems is integral to understanding the mechanisms of spread of pathogens and host defense in molecular biology. The algebraic modeling tools hitherto relied are related to Gröbner bases. We propose two methods using algebraic separators which are nothing other than special polynomials long studied in effective Galois theory. Algebraic separators are directly determined through generators of the ideal of relations (by a particular product of basic modules using the elementary symmetric functions) or by linear combinations of basic modules. These two approaches can avoid heavy calculations of Gröbner bases.</p>
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