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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique &lt;/i&gt;, 2012, 105 (5), pp.399--402. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13149-012-0259-4"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/s13149-012-0259-4&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">[Leishmania major Yakimoff et Schokhor, 1914 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in Meriones shawi Duvernoy, 1842 (Rodentia: Gerbillidae): persistence of the infection in meriones and its infectivity for the sand fly vector (Phlebotomus) papatasi Scopoli, 1786 (Diptera: Psychodidae).]</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Leishmania major Yakimoff et Schokhor, 1914 (Kinetoplastida : Trypanosomatidae) chez Meriones shawi Duvernoy, 1842 (Rodentia : Gerbillidae) : persistance de l'infection du mérion et de son infectivité pour le phlébotome vecteur Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi Scopoli, 1786 (Diptera : Psychodidae)</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Phlebotomus papatasi</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Leishmania major</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Meriones shawi</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Xenodiagnosis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Tunisia</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Maghreb</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">North Africa fr</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Leishmania major</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Meriones shawi</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Leishmaniose cutanée zoonotique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Xénodiagnostic</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Maghreb</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Nord</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Animals</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Disease Reservoirs/parasitology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission*</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/veterinary</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Meals</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Phlebotomus/growth &amp; development</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Phlebotomus/parasitology*</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Rodent Diseases/parasitology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Seasons</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Tunisia</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Female</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Gerbillinae/parasitology*</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Insect Vectors/growth &amp; development</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Insect Vectors/parasitology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Leishmania major/isolation &amp; purification</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Leishmania major/pathogenicity*</classCode>
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              <p>The ability of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi to transmit Leishmania major, the etiologic agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, to Meriones shawi, the natural reservoir host of this parasite, was studied under laboratory conditions. Sand flies became infected with L. major after feeding on a lesion of needle-inoculated M. shawi. Moreover, P. papatasi, previously infected with L. major, transmitted the parasite to M. shawi by bite during a second bloodmeal. Two months after the blood-meal, the animal developed a lesion on its ears. Xenodiagnosis was performed on the infected animal. The infectivity of M. shawi to P. papatasi lasted for five months, period corresponding to winter season in North Africa. We have thus demonstrated the transmission of L. major by P. papatasi to M. shawi under laboratory conditions. Our results show that reservoir hosts surviving winter time are the main source of infection for P. papatasi during the following season, and subsequently they play a major role in the persistence and transmission of L. major between transmission cycles.</p>
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              <p>La capacité du phlébotome Phlebotomus papatasi à transmettre Leishmania major, agent étiologique de la leishmaniose cutanée zoonotique (LCZ) à Meriones shawi, réservoir naturel de ce parasite, est étudiée dans les conditions de laboratoire. Les phlébotomes sont infectés après un repas sanguin sur un M. shawi lui-même préalablement infecté par injection sous-cutanée de L. major. P. papatasi, ainsi infecté, transmet L. major à un autre M. shawi lors d’un deuxième repas sanguin. Deux mois après, le deuxième mérion développe des lésions leishmaniennes au niveau des deux oreilles sur lesquelles s’infectent de nouveaux phlébotomes. L’infectivité de M. shawi pour P. papatasi dure cinq mois, autant que la saison hivernale au Maghreb. Nous obtenons ainsi le cycle complet de la transmission de L. major de mérion à mérion par P. papatasi. Nos résultats montrent que les rongeurs réservoirs de parasites survivant à la période hivernale sont la source d’infection leishmanienne la plus probable pour les phlébotomes émergents lors de la nouvelle saison estivale. Ce sont donc ces rongeurs qui joueraient le rôle déterminant dans la persistance et la transmission de L. major entre deux saisons de transmission.</p>
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              <org type="consortium">Nos remerciements vont au Dr Arezki Izri pour la lecture critique de ce manuscrit</org>
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