%0 Journal Article %T Melioidosis in the Western Indian Ocean and the Importance of Improving Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Molecular Typing %+ Unité de Bactériologie Expérimentale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM) %+ Victoria hospital %+ CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] %+ Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA) %+ Centre d'Étude et de Recherches Vétérinaires et Agrochimiques (CODA-CERVA) %+ Centre hospitalier Félix-Guyon [Saint-Denis, La Réunion] %+ Ministry of Health, Public Health Department, Victoria, Seychelles %+ University of the Sunshine Coast (USC) %A Rakotondrasoa, Andriniaina %A Issack, Mohammad Iqbal %A Garin, Benoit %A Biot, Fabrice %A Valade, Eric %A Wattiau, Pierre %A Allou, Nicolas %A Belmonte, Olivier %A Bibi, Jastin %A Price, Erin, P %A Collard, Jean-Marc %Z A part of this work (which took place in Madagascar) was financed by Institut Pasteur à Paris: ACIP2011. %< avec comité de lecture %@ 2414-6366 %J Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease %I MDPI %S Global Burden and Challenges of Melioidosis %V 3 %N 1 %P 30 %8 2018-03 %D 2018 %R 10.3390/tropicalmed3010030 %M 30274427 %K Melioidosis %K Burkholderia pseudomallei %K western Indian Ocean %K diagnosis %K MLST %K Madagascar %K Mauritius %K Réunion %K Seychelles %Z Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseasesJournal articles %X Melioidosis, caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an infectious disease of humans or animals, and the specific environmental conditions that are present in western Indian Ocean islands are particularly suitable for the establishment/survival of B. pseudomallei. Indeed, an increasing number of new cases have been reported in this region (Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion (France), and Seychelles, except Comoros and Mayotte (France)), and are described in this review. Our review clearly points out that further studies are needed in order to investigate the real incidence and burden of melioidosis in the western Indian Ocean and especially Madagascar, since it is likely to be higher than currently reported. Thus, research and surveillance priorities were recommended (i) to improve awareness of melioidosis in the population and among clinicians; (ii) to improve diagnostics, in order to provide rapid and effective treatment; (iii) to implement a surveillance and reporting system in the western Indian Ocean; and (iv) to investigate the presence of B. pseudomallei in environmental samples, since we have demonstrated its presence in soil samples originating from the yard of a Madagascan case. %G English %Z Authors would like to address a special thank you to all the doctors and medical assistants from the CHU de Mahajanga. We also thank Le Dispositif Prioritaire de Recherche et d’Enseignement en partenariat One Health – Océan Indien for allowing some of the authors to meet and discuss this manuscript. %2 https://riip.hal.science/pasteur-01916211/document %2 https://riip.hal.science/pasteur-01916211/file/tropicalmed-03-00030.pdf %L pasteur-01916211 %U https://riip.hal.science/pasteur-01916211 %~ RIIP %~ RIIP_MADAGASCAR