%0 Journal Article %T Evidence of Insecticide Resistance to Pyrethroids and Bendiocarb in Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, Marovoay District, Madagascar %+ G4 malaria group [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM) %+ Université de Mahajanga %+ Unité d'immunologie des maladies infectieuses [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM) %+ Unité de Recherche sur le Paludisme [Antananarivo, Madagascar] %+ Université de Toliara %A Rakotondranaivo, Tsiriniaina %A Randriamanarivo, Solohery, Fanomezana %A Tanjona, Mihajarilala, Rakotoniaina %A Vigan-Womas, Inès %A Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona %A Ndiath, Mamadou Ousmane %Z This work was supported by the Department of International Affairs, Institut Pasteur International Network (G4 Group), awarded by Ousmane NDIATH. %< avec comité de lecture %@ 2314-6133 %J BioMed Research International %I Hindawi Publishing Corporation %V 2018 %P 5806179 %8 2018-10-08 %D 2018 %R 10.1155/2018/5806179 %M 30402485 %Z Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/ParasitologyJournal articles %X INTRODUCTION:In Madagascar, malaria control relies on the countrywide use of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets (LLINs) and on indoor residual spraying (IRS) in the central highland area as well as a small area on the eastern coast. We tested insecticide resistance mechanisms of Anopheles funestus from Tsararano, a malaria endemic village in the coastal health district of Marovoay.METHODS:Insecticide susceptibility bioassays were done in July 2017 on first-generation Anopheles funestus (F1) to assess (i) the susceptibility to permethrin (0.05%), deltamethrin (0.05%), DDT (4%), malathion (5%), fenitrothion (1%), and bendiocarb (0.1%); (ii) the effect of preexposure to the piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist; and (iii) the enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450, esterases, and glutathione S-transferases (GST).RESULTS:Our results demonstrated that An. funestus was phenotypically resistant to pyrethroids and bendiocarb, with a mortality rate (MR) of 33.6% (95%CI: 24.5-43.7%) and 86% (95%CI: 77.6-92.1%), respectively. In contrast, An. funestus were 100% susceptible to DDT and organophosphates (malathion and fenitrothion). Preexposure of An. funestus to PBO synergist significantly restored the susceptibility to bendiocarb (MR=100%) and increased the MR in the pyrethroid group, from 96% (95%CI: 90.0-98.9%) to 100% for deltamethrin and permethrin, respectively (χ 2 = 43, df = 3, P< 0.0001). Enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450 and α-esterases were significantly elevated among An. funestus compared with the IPM reference strain (Mann-Whitney U= 30, P<0.0001; U = 145.5, P <0.0001, respectively). No significant differences of β-esterases activities compared to the IPM reference strain were observed (Mann-Whitney U = 392.5, P = 0.08).CONCLUSION:In Tsararano, despite the absence of an IRS programme, there is evidence of high levels of insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and bendiocarb in An. %G English %2 https://riip.hal.science/pasteur-01967356/document %2 https://riip.hal.science/pasteur-01967356/file/Evidence%20of%20Insecticide%20Resistance%20to%20Pyrethroids_Rakotondranaivo%20et%20al_2018.pdf %L pasteur-01967356 %U https://riip.hal.science/pasteur-01967356 %~ RIIP %~ AFRIQ %~ RIIP_MADAGASCAR