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                <term xml:lang="en">Scorpion  toxin</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Maurocalcine</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Lipid  bilayer</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Synthetic  peptide</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Ca 2+ release channel/ryanodine  receptor</term>
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              <classCode scheme="mesh">Scorpion Venoms/chemical synthesis*</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Scorpion Venoms/chemistry</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Scorpion Venoms/toxicity</classCode>
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              <classCode scheme="mesh">Sequence Homology, Amino Acid</classCode>
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              <classCode scheme="mesh">Cystine/chemistry</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Electrophysiology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Injections, Intraventricular</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Ion Channel Gating</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Lethal Dose 50</classCode>
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              <p>Maurocalcine is a novel toxin isolated from the venom of the chactid scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus. It is a 33‐mer basic peptide cross‐linked by three disulfide bridges, which shares 82% sequence identity with imperatoxin A, a scorpion toxin from the venom of Pandinus imperator. Maurocalcine is peculiar in terms of structural properties since it does not possess any consensus motif reported so far in other scorpion toxins. Due to its low concentration in venom (0.5% of the proteins), maurocalcine was chemically synthesized by means of an optimized solid‐phase method, and purified after folding/oxidation by using both C18 reversed‐phase and ion exchange high‐pressure liquid chromatographies. The synthetic product (sMCa) was characterized. The half‐cystine pairing pattern of sMCa was identified by enzyme‐based cleavage and Edman sequencing. The pairings were Cys3‐Cys17, Cys10‐Cys21, and Cys16‐Cys32. In vivo, the sMCa was lethal to mice following intracerebroventricular inoculation (LD50, 20 μg/mouse). In vitro, electrophysiological experiments based on recordings of single channels incorporated into planar lipid bilayers showed that sMCa potently and reversibly modifies channel gating behavior of the type 1 ryanodine receptor by inducing prominent subconductance behavior.</p>
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              <org type="consortium">We  wish  to  thank  Dr.  P.  Mansuelle and  S.  Canarelli for running the protein sequencer and amino acid analyzer. We also  thank  Dr.  H.  Darbon  for  helpful  discussion.  Z.  Fajloun  is  the recipient  of  a  fellowship  from  the  CNRS  and  the  region  Provence-Alpes-Cote  d'Azur.</org>
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            <ref type="url">http://www.pasteur.tn/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-301247" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-301247" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Pasteur Network (Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur)</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>25, rue du Dr Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://pasteur-network.org/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-471291" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00pjdza24</idno>
          <orgName>University of California</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UC</orgName>
          <date type="start">1869-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="US"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-303623" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388278</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02vjkv261</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSERM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inserm.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>